Harvey,

The sun may have done more damage than the rain. It is never a good idea to move any plant directly from the reduced light of indoors to the direct sun outdoors. Did you know that outdoor light is anywhere from 10 to 100 times more intense than indoor light? So far, no one has invented sun block for plants.

You over-reacted to the drenching your Aloe got. Soil can only hold so much water. So the drenching rain added no more water to your Aloe's soil than a normal thorough watering would add. If it rained for a week and the soil never had a chance to dry out, then that would be a problem. The repotting with fresh soil was unnecessary and may have added to the stress.

Oftentimes, doing less is better for your plants. Keep your Aloe inside in a sunny window. Be sure to let that new soil dry out in between thorough waterings. Any leaves that have become discolored are unlikely to recover. Be patient.

Good luck.